by Patricia McKlem, Associate
In 1944, with the end of World War II in sight, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed into law an act of great importance to America’s veterans: the Veterans’ Preference Act. At the signing ceremony President Roosevelt said, “I believe that the Federal Government, functioning in its capacity as an employer, should take the lead in assuring those who are in the armed forces that, when they return, special consideration will be given to them in their efforts to obtain employment.”
In the sixty-seven years since the law took effect, federal agencies have repeatedly been urged to hire more veterans; to support the Department of Defense’s efforts to help servicemembers as they transition into civilian life; and to match the skills these men and women have acquired while serving our nation with the needs agencies have to accomplish their missions.
There is general agreement that the government has a moral and legal obligation to ensure veterans have appropriate and proper access to government jobs upon their separation from the military, especially those who have been injured or made ill in service to our nation. To demonstrate the current Administration’s commitment to this obligation, in 2009 President Obama issued an Executive Order titled “Employment of Veterans in the Federal Government” (click here to read it).
The order requires every Federal agency to create an Operational Plan for promoting employment opportunities for veterans; establish a Veterans Employment Program Office; provide mandatory annual training to agency human resources personnel and hiring managers on veterans employment; and work with the Departments of Defense (DoD) and Veterans Affairs (VA) to apply technology designed to assist transitioning servicemembers and veterans with disabilities.
The Feds Hire Vets website, operated by the Office of Personnel Management (www.fedshirevets.gov) is a unique new resource for both HR people and veterans, linking them together to make veterans aware of vacancies for which they might be qualified, and making HR people aware of their responsibilities to support returning veterans’ applications. The website also has a section listing the statutes and regulations HR specialists can use to hire veterans. Many HR specialists are not aware of some of these.
Despite all these efforts, however, many veterans are still having difficulty qualifying for jobs in both government and the private sector. The head of the Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America (IAVA) recently testified before Congress that while the federal government is proud that veterans make up nearly 25 percent of their workforce, “when we remove the Departments of Defense, Veterans Affairs and Homeland Security from that total, the number of veterans employed by the federal government plummets to an average of less than 10% per department.”
Why have the White House’s current efforts—and, quite frankly, the efforts of every Administration since the Second World War—met with such limited success? I am convinced there is a clear link between the qualifications standards Federal human resources professionals use to evaluate applicants for Federal jobs and the difficulties returning veterans have in obtaining Federal employment.
Federal HR professionals are trained to use qualification standards to identify applicants who are likely to perform successfully in the Federal workforce, and to screen out those who are unlikely to do so. These standards represent minimum job requirements and are designed to be easy to understand and use—but they are related to specific job qualifications and do not take into account the many skills soldiers, sailors, airmen, Marines and coastguardsmen develop through successful performance of their duties.
A good HR specialist understands that their responsibility to veterans is to look for reasons to qualify, not disqualify them, and to make a special effort to find ways the candidates have demonstrated the knowledge, skills and abilities for the position to which they have applied. However, the sheer volume of applications HR specialists receive nowadays for most positions makes that difficult, especially given the severe time constraints under which they regularly operate.
What’s needed is to build a bridge between service members’ actual experience and OPM’s job qualifications statement, so that military experience can be better understood and will qualify them for Federal positions for which they have already developed the skills—or those for which their experience will make it easy for them to learn what’s needed. My experience as a Federal manager and member of the Senior Executive Service has shown that everything goes back to these qualification standards: if an HR professional finds an applicant does not meet those standards, no amount of veterans preference will get that employee a Federal job.
It might also be possible to provide training to HR professionals to allow them to better understand Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) descriptions, which the Army and Marines use to identify and describe specific jobs soldiers and Marines do (the Air Force uses Air Force Specialty Codes for this purpose, and the Navy uses the Navy Enlisted Classification, or NEC, system.) Or it might be possible to revise and standardize the system of military job identifiers so that they accurately reflect the service member’s experience and use terminology that is more consistent across all branches of service, and have greater congruence with OPM’s system.
VA has an opportunity to take the lead on this initiative. Building this bridge will require significant effort on the part of DoD and OPM, with extensive input from VA, the Department of Labor, other Federal agencies, and veterans service organizations like IAVA. However, the task offers the prospect of success in an area that other approaches have failed to address throughout the years—and, at the very least, would add an important arsenal to the tool box of Federal HR managers in their continued efforts to demonstrate to America’s veterans that the government is an employer of choice for those who have served our nation while in uniform. An organization like Sinclair Advisory Group, with personnel who have long experience in working with HR regulations and with veterans, might be the ideal “honest broker” to spearhead the process.
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